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Basic Physics objective type
Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
Sound waves cannot travel through vacuum.
Acoustic is the subject dealing with the study of sound.
Velocity of Sound is extreme in solid.
The velocity of sound in air increases with increase in temperature.
The velocity of sound in air is proportional to the square root of the absolute
temperature.
The sound of high pitch: Shrill
The sound of low pitch: Sharp
Hertz is the unit of frequency.
Vibration of a string is a transverse motion.
Stethoscope is based upon the principle of multiple reflection.
Doppler effect describes the relationship between the pitch of sound and distance
from the source of sound.
Doppler effect: Describes to find binary stars,
Sound signal is recorded as light signal on a cinema film.
When sound waves enter from air into water they bend away from the normal.
Light travels faster than sound.
Whispering gallery; Gol Gumbaz.
Uses of echoes: (1) Bats fly in the dark. (2) Detect the submarines under water.
Echo: We hear original and then reflected sound.
The obstacle should be at least 16.5 mts.
The time interval between sound production and its echo is 1/10 of a second.
Vibration of a string is transverse.
Microphones convert sound into electric energy.
Loud Speaker converts electric energy into mechanical energy and mechanical
energy into sound energy.
A sound of single frequency is called tone.
Mach number: The ratio of the velocity of the body to the velocity of sound.
Expression for simple harmonic motion: a Sin (Wt-Kn).
The waves produced by the Sonometer is transverses stationary and polarized.
Lissajous figures are very useful in comparing frequencies.
The velocity of sound in gas is the square root of the adiabatic elasticity medium.
The velocity of sound in air decrease with increase in pressure.
The quality of tone depends upon the present.
The frequencies of two vibrating systems equal it is called resonance.
The velocity of sound in air is 332 meters/sec. 0 oC when the air is dry.
Ultra sonics are detected by the thermal detector.
Ultra sonic waves have frequencies higher than 20,000 Cycles per Sec.
Infra sonic waves have the frequencies less than 20hz,
A spherical liquid drop has a convex surface.
Surface Tension: Soap bubble
.
The pressure inside a bubble is inversely proportional to its radius.
Quincke's drop method is used for measuring surface tension and angle of contact
for mercury in contact with glass.
Cream separator: Centripetal force.
Blotting paper: Capillary action.
Adhesion: Force of attraction between unlike molecules.
Cohension: Force of attraction between like molecules.
Rocket: Conservation of momentum.
Hygrometer: Instrument for measuring relative humidity.
Tensimeter: Device for measuring vapor pressure.
A falling in barometer: Storm.
Ballory are filled with hydrogen.
Sublimation: Vapourisation of a solid without first becoming a liquid.
In pressure cooker the water boils at more than 100oC.
Condensation: the change of vapor into liquid.
Heat from the sun reaches the earth by way of radiation.
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide.
Pyrometer is used for measuring higher temp.
When ice melts in a glass of water, the level of water in glass remains the same.
If a ship enters into sea from the lake the level of the ship rises.
S.I unit of heat is joule; in C.G.S system it is calorie.
Hope's experiment proves the density of water is maximum at 4°C.
The S.I unit of temperature is Kelvin.
Thermostat used to maintain a constant temperature.
Absolute zero: -273°C.
Absolute zero: -460°F
At -40° the Fahrenheit and Centigrade Scales are equal.
At 574.25°F the Fahrenheit and Kelvin are equal.
The temperature of human body is 36.9°C (fever:39°C).
Latent heat of fusion of ice=336 x 103 J/kg.
Regelation means refreezing.
Thermometric scales: F = 9/5 C + 32 = 1.8C + 32, C = (5/9 F-32) = 0.56 F-18
Laws of Reflection : (i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. (ii)
The incident ray, reflected ray and normal to the surface lie in the same plane.
Parallel Mirrors: (i) The No of images formed when an object is kept in between
two plane mirror is infinite, (ii) 3 images are formed when the two mirrors are
inclined and the angle between the two mirror is 90° (5 images when the.angle.is
60°, 7 images when the angle is 45°, 11 images when the angle is 30°), (iii) The
number of images formed (1) when the two mirrors are inclined is equal to 1 =
360/1-1 is the angle between the mirrors, (iv) The number of images formed in
Kaleidoscope is 5 (angle between the mirror is 60°). (v) Kaleidoscope and
periscope are based on the principle of multiple reflection.
Short Sight –Myopia : Eye ball too long, Focal length too small, Objects nearer are
Clearly seen, Focus in front of retina, Rectified with Concave lens
Long Sight – Hyper Metropia : Eye ball too short, Focal length too long, Objects
farer are Clearly seen, Focus behind the retina, Rectified with Convex lens
Infrared rays are discussed by William Herschell,
Wave length between 4X10-3 m and 7.5x 107m.
Headed zirconium and heated tungsten carbide emits infra-red.
Infrared: Used in the treatment of Thellmatic arthritis, Used in burglar alarms, Used
in Photography (dew), The remote control (TV, VCR) sends commands in the form
of infrared rays.
Ultra-violet rays are discovered by Ritter.
Wave length between 3900 X 10-lOm and 130.x 10-lOm.
Source-Sun and Moon: Used in Forensic science lab, Ultra-violet radiations helps
for the preparation of vitamin D, Used in the treatment of bone diseases and
tumors. Used for sterilizing the air in operation theaters and laboratories.
Laser: Light amplification by stimulated emissions of Radiation.
The laser light is coherent monochromatic and extremely intense.
The laser beam does not diverge.
Light is a form of Energy.
Light particles are known as photons.
Light waves are electromagnetic.
Velocity of the light: 3 x 108 m/sec.
Corpsclar theory of light: Sir Issac Newton.
Sky is blue due to Blue light is scattered the most by small particles of atmosphere.
Bats fly in the dark: Ultra sonics.
Velocity of light: Poucaulf's rotating mirror method.
Energy of photons: E=hr where 'h' is the Planck's constant (h =6.625 x 10-34
joules/sec)and r is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation.
Rainbow: Dispersion.
If a green color leaf is seen in red light it will appear as black.
Light travels fast in quarts.
If a disc which has the pure spectral colors painted on it in proper proportion is
rotated rapidly, it produces, white light.
The distance between the projector and the screen, in a cinema theater is
increased by 1% the intensity of illumination is decreased by 2%.
Sun Rising and setting appears to be red due to scattering of just particle and air
molecules.
Secondary Rainbow is formed due to total internal reflection.
Kirchoff's law: Emission and absorption of light by a substances.
Electromagnetic theory of light: Maxwell.
Quantum theory: Max Plank.
Wave theory of light: Hygens.
Colder part surrounded by sun: Chromosphere.
Central part of the Sun: Photosphere.
Brewster's Law: Polarisation of light.
Colour of thin films: Interference.
Band spectrum is produced by H2
Red color has the largest wave length.
Dispersion of light was discovered by Newton.
Blue color has the smallest wave length.
Due to total internal reflection the soap bubble shines.
Due to Refraction the clear water well appears less deep.
The number of images of an object placed between two parallel mirror is infinite.
The unit of power of a lens is diopter.
Light waves are transverse.
The unit of brightness is Lambert.
The coin the water appears to be risen is due to refraction.
The stick in the water appears to be bent due to refraction.
Presbyopia: Person should use convex lens.
Rainbow: Total internal Reflection & Refraction.
Zoom lens is a compound lens.
The unit of luminous flux: Lumen.
The picture in the television is 30 times per second.
The concept of positive and negative charge was discovered by Benjamin Franklin.
Charge of electron: e = 1.6021917 x 10-19
Unit of potential difference is volt.
Unit of resistance is ohm residential.
Electrification is parallel connections.
Fleming's left hand rule Electric Motor.
Fleming's right hand rule Electric generator.
Faraday's law - Electromagnetic induction.
Lenz's law: Direction of induced current.
Thumb rule: Direction of North pole of a needle.
Ampere's swimming rule: Direction of deflection
Maxewell cork Saew rule: Direction of magnetic lines of force.
Gold leaf Electroscope - To defect the presence of electric charge of a body.
Nucleus: Protons + Neutrons
Radius of the nucleus is 10-14m.
Atomic number: Number of protons in the nucleus.
Nucleons: Either a neutron (or) a proton.
Avogadro constant: N=6.023X1023 /mole.
Boltzmann constant: K= 1.38 x 10-23Jule/Ko
Elementary charge: E= 1.60 X 10-19coulomb
Faraday Constant Gravitational: F=9.65x104cou/mole
Constant: G=6.67x 1O-11m2/kg2
Permittivity constant: E=8.85x 10-12 fraud/mts.
Electron charge: e/me=1.76x1011 coulomb/kg
Electron rest mass: Me=9.11 x 10-31 kg
Speed of light: C=3.00X108 meter/Sec
Proton vest mass: m= 1.67239 x 10-27 kg
Stefan Boltzmann Constant: σ =5.67X10-8 wart/met2
Latent heat of fusion of ice in SI: -3.36X105jkg-1
One micron: 10-6m
Density : Gold = 19.103 kg/m3, Ice = 0.9X103 kg/m3, Iron=7.8X103 kg/m3,
Mercury=13.6X103 kg/m3, Water=1X103 kg/m3.
Anatomy: Science of animal body structure.
Archaeology: Study of ancient civilizations from the ruins of old buildings and
monuments.
Astrology: Art of prediction by analyzing the effect of heavenly bodies upon the
destiny of man.
Astronomy: Science of the heavenly bodies. It is the Scientific study of the
magnitude, motion, relative positions and all connected phenomena of heavenly
bodies.
Acoustics: The Science of sound, transmission, its production and its effects .
Astrophysics: A branch of astronomy concerned with the Physical nature and
composition of stars.
Biochemistry: The study of the chemical or Physicochemical processes and
products involved in the life phenomena of plants and animals.
Cosmography: Description, mapping of general features of the Universe or earth.
Entomology: Study of insects.
Embryology: Science of the womb.
Etymology: Part of linguistic science concerned with facts relating to formation and
meaning of words.
Gynaecology : The branch of medicine that is concerned with the diseases singular
to women, specially of the genital tract and its structure and glands concerned with
it.
Genetics: The study of heredity of individuals.
Geophysics: Science dealing with the properties of matter and energy which. brings
about changes in the earth's surface.
Geology: Science of earth's crust, its strata and their relations and changes.
Horticulture: Art of garden cultivation.
Hydropathy : Medical treatment by external and internal application of water.
Hydroponics: Study of raising of plants on water, without the help of soil.
Hydrodynamics: Scientific study of the forces exerted by liquids.
Hello therapy: Use of sun-baths in healing diseases.
Hydrography: Scientific study of the water bodies of the earth.
Hydroponics: Detection of sound under water.
Metallurgy: The branch of science dealing with the method of extraction of metals
from their ores & preparation of alloys.
Meteorology: Science of weather and climate.
Mycology: Study of fungi.
Numismatics: Study of coins or coinage.
Ornithology: Scientific study of birds.
Pathology: Science of bodily diseases.
Paleobotany: Science of the fossils of plants.
Physiography: The study of the physical features of the earth, their causes and their
relation to one another.
Phycology : Science of dealing with the study of human mind.
Pisciculture : Art of rearing fish.
Radiology: Science of conversion of radiant energy into mechanical force.
Seismology: Scientific study regarding earthquakes.
Sericulture: Study of silk worm breeding.
Toxicology: The science that treats the origin, nature, properties, and effects of
poisons, of their detections in the organs and tissues, and of the treatment of
diseases due to poisoning.
Astronomical: 93,000,000 miles.
Decibel: Unit of relative loudness. 1 decibel is the minimum amount of change
detectable by the human ear.
Hertz : Modern unit for measurement of electromagnetic wave frequencies
(equivalent to "Cycles per second").
Horse power: The amount of power needed to lift 33,000 pounds a distance of one
foot in 1 minute.
Light year: 5,880,000,000,000 miles or the distance that light travels in a year at the
rate of 186,281.7 miles per second. (It an astronomical unit were represented by
one inch a light year would be presented by about one mile). Used for astronomical
measurements.
Ohm: Unit of electrical resistance. A resistance of one ohm in the circuit with a
potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere.
Quintal: 1000,000 grams or 220.46 pounds avoirdupois.
Roentgen: Dosage unit of radiation exposure produced by X-rays.
Angstrom : An instrument used for measuring the length of light waves.
Carat: 200 milligrams or 3.0088 grains troy. Used for weighing precious stones.
Also a measure of the purity of gold alloy.
Fathom (faith) : 6 feet or 1.8288 m. Derived from the distance to which a man can
stretch his arms used for measuring cables and depths of water.
Knot: The rate of speed of one nautical mile per hour. Used for measuring the
speed of ship.
Micron : 0.001 millimeter. Used for scientific measurement.
Quire : Used for measuring paper. Sometimes a quire amounts to 24 sheets but
more often 25; 20 quires constitute a ream.
Acre: An area of 43000 square feet. Originally the area a yoke of oxen could Plough
in one day.
Ampere: Unit of electric current. A potential difference of 1 volt across a resistance
of one ohm produces a current of one ampere.
Chemistry objective type
The purest form of carbon is Diamond.
A Mixture of water and alcohol can be separated by distillation.
Radiocarbon Dating, widely employed to determine the age of objects of animal of
vegetable origin involves the radioisotope carbon 14.
The use of ozone kills Micro-organisms in water.
Electrons in motion behave as if they were waves.
Sodium is soluble in benzene and ether.
Sun's material is of H2 and He 90%.
From liquid air oxygen is prepared by Clud's process.
Ozone gas turns silver into black.
Graphite and heavy water can be used as a moderator in atomic reactors.
Citric acid makes a lemon sour in taste.
A catalyst decreases the activation energy and alter the rate Mechanism.
Fluming Sulphuric acid is called Oleum.
The atoms of metals tend to lose electrons.
Pure water contains O2 up to the level of 89%.
Water boils at 100oCunder a pressure of 760mm of Hg.
Two solutions are said to be isotonic when they have the same somatic pressure.
The element which forms the largest number of compounds with hydrogen is
carbon.
Gypsum is added to cement clinker to decrease the rate of setting of cement.
The industrial preparation of metal Aluminum from bauxite involves the process of
electrolysis.
Molecular weight of the gas is equal to 2 X vapor density.
Phosphorus is kept under water to save it from catching fire when exposed to dry
air.
During the burning of fuel carbon and hydrogen present in fuels are converted into
CO2 and H20 vapor.
Helium is preferred to hydrogen in air balloons because it does not form an
explosive mixture with air.
The pure crystalline form of Silica used in scientific apparatus for passing UV-light is
called quartz glass.
Wood charcoal is obtained by burning wood out of contact with air.
Steel contains 0.1-2% of carbon.
The solubility of gases in liquids increases with increases of pressure.
A Transuranic element is one which has a higher atomic number than Uranium and
is thus radioactive in nature.
The atomicity of an atom is the number of atoms in one molecule of it.
Highly Electropositive metals are extracted by electrolytic reduction.
Soda water is the solution of CO gas in water.
Uranium is naturally occurring radioactive element which emits a-particles and is
converted into thorium.
Nitrogen fertilizer having maximum amount of Nitrogen is urea.
Water is called 'the Standard Solvent'
The phenomenon of diffusion is utilized in uranium enrichment and perfume -
spraying.
The chief chemical component of pearls is calcium carbonate.
Any gas contains zero volume at 273°C temperature.
Absolute zero is the hypothetical temperature at which in gaseous state the
molecular motion causes and the volume of the gas becomes zero.
Nucleus is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of
the atom.
The percentage of lime in cement is 50.
Rain water helps to increase the Calcium content to some extent.
Liquid sodium is used as a coolant in Nuclear reactors.
Radioactivity happens only in heavier elements because only heavy nuclei will be
unstable.
The chemical name for marble is calcium carbonate.
The minimum possible temperature beyond which matter cannot be cooled that IS-
273.lS°C.
Atomic hydrogen has a life period of fraction of sound.
The melting point of ice decreases by increasing pressure.
If gas is expanded at constant temperature the pressure decreases but the kinetic
energy of the molecules remains the same.
Sulphur compounds are the most harmful pollutant for archaeological artifacts.
The scattering of light in colloidal solution is called Tyndale effect.
Lt. is difficult to measure the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) in the atmosphere (as
it's colorless, odorless and almost of the same density as air.
The resistance of any pure metal increases with increases in temperature.
In the process of radioactivity V-rays are emitted from the nuclei.
Real gases obey Vander Waal's law.
A gas has property of indefinite expansion and neither a fixed volume nor a fixed
shape.
No dew is formed. When it is a Cloudily conditions.
The main constituents of table salt are sodium and chlorine.
Carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral configuration in Diamond.
Dew formation increases: When the relative humidity of air is high.
A gas is most soluble in a liquid at low temperature and high pressure.
Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic, but not a natural one.
As excited hydrogen atoms return to the ground sate they emit protons.
Atoms are composed of electrons and nuclei (i.e.) protons and Neutrons.
Zinc and copper make the terminals of the torch cell.
Cobalt is useful in making rust-resistant alloys.
Chlorine is used to kill germs in an Indoor swimming pool.
In cold countries, alcohol is preferred to mercury as a thermometer liquid because
alcohol has a very low freezing point
U-233 is derived from thorium.
Gasohol is a combination of gasoline and ethyl alcohol.
A petrol fire can be best extinguished by using water and halogenated hydro
carbons.
When a radioactive element emits a α-particle.
Its atomic number is reduced by 2 and its atomic Mass by 4. But, when β-particles
is lost it goes one place ahead in the periodic Table.
If the pH-value of a given solution is made to decrease its acidity will increase.
Water boils below 100°C at higher altitudes because atmospheric pressure is low
there.
The Electronegativity of elements decrease while going down is a group in the
Periodic Table.
Sodium would burn when put into water.
Calcium is extracted from electrolysis.
Cathode rays are deflected by electric and magnetic field.
Radio-isotopes of short half-lives produce very high level of radiation in a short
period.
Hydrogen cannot be used as an automobile fuel because of its highly explosive
nature.
U-235 is the chief fuel used in nuclear reactors (only 0.7%) but the bulk of the
natural Uranium is U-238.
The volume of a gas increases with increase in temperature. Keeping pressure
constants.
The coolant used in fast breeder reactors is generally liquid sodium.
Carbon is present in all common fuels.
Bordeaux mixture is used as a fungicide.
Gases mix by the process of diffusion.
Metals are better conductors of heat because of ionic bonding.
The element common in glass cement and quartz is silicon.
Nylon, Polyethylene and Teflon are the thermoplastic polymers.
The volume of a given mass of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely with
the pressure.
Plutonium is not found in nature and it is man-made.
Methyl alcohol is not used for marking alcoholic beverages.
The chief chemical constituent of petroleum is hydrocarbons.
Ionic bond is formed when a metallic element reacts with a non-metallic element.
Calcium is most suited for a photoelectric cell.
The chemical name of Calomel is mercuric chloride (Hg2Cl2).
In an ordinary dry cell electrolyte is Ammonium chloride.
Radioactive nucleus cannot emit proton.
Zinc oxide is called the flower of zinc.
To make the glass hard. Some KCl is added to it.
Lead of a pencil is made of graphite.
The gas used in refrigerators is ammonia.
The acid used in Lead-storage batteries is sulphuric acid.
α-rays are basically Helium nuclei.
Fly ash from thermal plants can be profitably used to make bricks and pre-cast
blocks.
Stainless steel resists rusting as it contains a high proportion of chromium to
carbon.
Permanent hardness of water i.e. due to Calcium sulphate. Which can be
eliminated by using Zeolite.
Cysteine (an amino acid) contains sulfur.
Cooking is quicker in a pressure cooker because it increases bailing point of water.
Chemical fertilizers contain nitrogen potassium and phosphorus.
The charcoal, used to Decolorize raw sugar is animal charcoal.
Kinetics is the rate at which chemical reactions proceed.
Iron sheets are galvanized to prevent corrosion by coating them with a layer of
zinc.
Inert Gases cannot be easily changed by chemical reactions.
The deposition of one metal on another by electric current is known as
electroplating.
An element which burns to give an oxide which is gaseous under ordinary condition
is carbon.
Elements having atomic numbers higher than 92 in the periodic tables.
The molecular weight of element or a compound is the number of times one
molecule of it is as heavy as one atom of hydrogen.
Oxy-acetylene flame has the maximum temperature.
The atoms of the same element combine to form the covalent bonds.
Thorium is extracted from the Monazite sand.
The property of metals capable of being drawn into wires known as ductility.
Copper Sulphare and Bordeaux mixture are used as fungicides.
Cobalt, Nickel and Iron Ore Magnetic in nature.
Under the normal condition a peeled banana is a plastic.
The reagent that bleaches the color of a fabric is sulfur dioxide.
Tyndall effect would be observed in a custodial solution.
On Earth's crust, the most abundant element is oxygen.
Gasoline is the name given to the same substance as petrol.
Duralium contains 95% Aluminum .
Ordinary hydrogen has excess of H-atoms.
A breeder reactor is that which produces more fissionable material than it burns.
The acid generally stored in batteries is sulphuric acid.
Eudiometer is to measure volume change in chemical reactions between gases.
Nitrogen in the air litotes oxygen which is very reactive in pure form.
The permanent hardness of water can be removed by adding washing soda to
some extent, but it can completely be removed by adding Zeolite.
Ordinary hydrogen has excess of + atoms.
In fermentation there is invariably the formation of ethyl alcohol.
Bromine is a red liquid.
A gas will behave as an ideal gas at very low pressure and high temperature.
Silver is not significantly affected by atmospheric moisture and oxygen.
Exhaled hair when bubbled through lime water turns milky because it
contains CO2.
Water is most easily changed into the solid or gaseous phase from its natural phase
at room temperature.
Hydrogen has the same atomic number and atomic weight.
The pH-value of solution obtained by the complete neutralization of HCl and NaOH
solution will exactly be 7.
Avogadro’s Law is applicable to gases only
Asbestos is a fibrous silicate mineral mainly of Ca and Mg.
In general, the solubility of a solid in a liquid can be increased by increasing
temperature.
Dry ice at room temperature gives CO2 gas.
Potassium reacts most readily with water.
Protons has properties similar to that of both particles waves.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen by weight in the ratio of 2:16.
A balloon filled with hydrogen gas can raise up to the height. Where the density of
air becomes equal to the average density of balloon filled with hydrogen.
Gun metal is made from tin and copper.
Fibre gas is used for insulating stoves and refrigerators.
Detergents produce lather with hard water because the calcium and magnesium
salts of sulphuric acids once soluble in water.
The function of a moderator in nuclear reactor is to slow down the secondary
neutrons.
In electrolysis electrical energy is charged to chemical energy.
An element cannot be split up into two or more simpler substances by any known
chemical process.
The term Octane number is related to petrol.
Negative ions migrate to the anode during electrolysis.
In the process of enameling utensils a metal utensil is covered with a layer of
Molten glass.
The soft-smooth feel of the skin after using shaving lotion is due to the presence of
alcohol.
Silver halides are used in photographic plates because they are readily reduced by
light.
Vinegar is prepared by the fermentation of apple cider in presence of air.
Manometer is an instrument to determine the pressure of the gas.
Urea can be manufactured by NH28CO2
Mordants are substance that fix colors on fabrics.
A piece of bread when chewed tastes sweet because Saliva's action converts
starch into Maltose.
The principal components of Biogas are CH4 and CO.
Atmospheric temperature increases with elevation due to convection.
Deuterium (4H2) differs from hydrogen in physical properties only.
The temperature at which a sample may exist in all three phases in equilibrium is
called triple point.
Boson (an elementary from of matter) have the tendency to stay in its ground state.
The height of the liquid in a barometer tube depends on the pressure of the
atmosphere and nature of the liquid.
The only metal which exists as liquid at room temperature is Mercury.
The commonly used refrigerant in fridges is Freon i.e, CFCs.
Pyrex glass is resistant to heat.
The main use of salt in the diet is to produce hydrochloric acid to digest the food.
A ductile Material can permanently be stretched without fracture and a malleable
material can permanently be composed without fracture.
A greenish - yellow color is seen once hard-boiled egg due to the formation of
some iron compounds.
Sodium carbonate does not make water hard, because the sodium salts of higher
fatty acids are water-soluble.
Negative ions migrate to the anode during electrolysis.
The transfer of electron is seen in Electrovalence.
Calcination involves the change of metals into their oxides.
The hardness of diamond is due to its tetrahedral structure.
The catalyst in rusting of Iron is moisture.
Air and water must be present if iron is to rust.
Pure alcohol can be easily obtained from wine by the process of distillation.
Amphoteric substances are those which react both with acids and bases.
The boiling point of water is unaffected by the temperature of heat source.
The metal which is least affected by the exposure to the atmosphere is tin.
Ozone attacks mercury and silver.
Strongest hydrogen bonding is shown by Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)
Mercury is generally used as a thermometric fluid rather than water because it
greater visibility than that of water.
Common salt obtained from sea.
Addition of water molecules to a chemical compound is called hydrolysis.
An atom has no net electric change
Noble metals do not corrode or tarnish in air or water.
A substance which conducts electricity when molten or solution but not in the solid
state is called an electrotype.
The water content in the atmosphere becomes more as temperature increases.
Amino acids are formed from α-keto acids.
Atomic Number is the number of protons on the nucleus of an atom.
Cooking oil can be converted into vegetable Ghee by process of hydro generation.
When silver is exposed to the atmosphere, a thin layer of silver sulphide appears on
the surface.
An ideal gas cannot be liquefied as its critical temperature is always above 0oC.
Fluorescent powder is used for developing finger prints on a multi colored surface.
Pure water is obtained from the sea water by evaporation.
The acid that can be used as a hypnotic is Barbituric acid.
Neutralization of an acid by a base is an example of double decomposition.
A moderator regulates the number of nuclei split by the impact of neutrons.
The solution of sodium chloride is neutral.
Ammonium nitrate is a powerful destructive agent.
Cesium is used for time-keeping in an atomic clock.
Colour of solid iodine is steel grey.
IA to VII A groups of elements are known as normal elements.
The element which is used as a semiconductor in transistors is germination.
Acid rain is caused by the pollution of Environment due to Nitrogen oxide and
sulfur dioxide.
Chlorination means the addition of a small quantity of chlorine in water as a
germicide.
Rising of dough in the process of manufacture of bread is through the action of
CO2,
The elements of group to VII B and VII are called the transition elements.
Coloured glasses for goggles contain ferrous oxide.
The industrial preparation of metal Aluminum from Bauxite involves the process of
electrolysis.
Sachharinderer is an instrument to determine the pressure of the gas.
In case of a chemical change - electron is generally affected.
To make rubber strong and bounce able we add Sulphur.
The smallest possible unit of chemical compound is molecule.
Synthetic detergents are a mixture-of sodium salts of aromatic and Aliphatic
sulphuric acids.
An alloy which melts at the lower temperatures is solder.
Diamond is very hard, while graphite is very soft.
Plutonium can be directly used for nuclear explosion and hence very important
Water gas is the Mixture of CO and H2
Aniline is used in dyes and medicines.
When the solute is mixed in solvent its boiling point increases.
Duralium contains 95% Aluminum .
The enormous energy released in an atomic explosion is due to the conversion of
mass into energy.
When some impurity is added to the solvent, its boiling point increases with the
amount of impurity.
The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature.
Low ionization energy is characteristic feature of a metal.
The temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of the bicarbonates of Ca
and Mg.
To make artificial rain silver iodide is needed.
Peal ash is potassium carbonate.
At absolute zero temperature the total kinetic energy of the molecules is zero.
The solubility of solids increases with increase in temperature.
Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonates and tartaric acid.
In the process of electroplating electric energy is converted into heat energy or
magnetic energy or chemical energy.
Fog is a colloidal solution of gas and liquid.
Lead pencil is graphite.
Heavy Water (D2O) is called heavy because it is an oxide of deuterium.
Size of the nucleus is 10-12 meter.
The space between nuclei and electrons in an atom is vacant.
Gaseous fuels are preferred in Industries.
Sulphuric acid is produced by the lead chamber process.
Carbon-dating is used to determine the gas of fossils.
Argental (Ag2S) is an alloy of Silver.
More than one neutron is released in the process is used for dry-cleaning of
clothes.
X-rays are produced when very high energy electrons are stopped suddenly at a
metal target.
The fundamental units of radioactivity are Curie and Becquerel
The amount of humidity present in air divided by the maximum humidity that air can
processes is known as relative humidity.
In general glasses are bad conductor of electricity.
Bleaching powder is a light yellow powder which reacts with oil acids to release
Cl2 and acts as an oxidizing.
Gold is the most ductile of all the metals.
Chlorine gas bleaches the flowers.
The resistance of a Semi-conductor decreases within increase of temperature.
Ammonia is produced by the Haber's process.
Ethanol is also called 'grain alcohol'.
Green vitriol is FeS04 7H2O
Detergent's action of soap is due to decrease in surface tension of water.
There is no effect of temperature pressure etc. on radioactivity.
Malachite is the mineral of copper.
The isotope of Uranium which is very much radioactive is U-235.
The resistance of Mercury becomes zero at 4k.
Large energy release in an atomic bomb explosion is mainly due to the product
having a lesser mass than initial substance.
Ethyl alcohol is used as a Sedative i.e. Soothing medicine.
White phosphorus is a strong poison.
Y-rays are produced by nuclear changes in the atom.
Alcohol is used for during cleaning of clothes.
The age of an artifact is determined using the technique based on radio carbon
dating and chemical kinetics.
Rust is hydrated ferric oxide
For welding the gas is used acetylene.
The Lightest particle is electron 0 β particle.
Water is not applicable to extinguish oil fire and electrical fire.
Density of water is Maximum at 4°C.
Electroscope is used to detect the presence of charge on a body.
Filament of electric bulbs are made up of Tungsten.
Fast Breeding Reactor is a nuclear reactor to produce electricity though fusion
process.
Electric bulbs are filled with Argon gas.
Mercury (Liquid) is the good conductor of heat.
Pure gold is softer than steel.
Water boils below 100°C at higher altitudes because the atmospheric pressure is
low there.
U-238 ultimately decays to a stable isotope i.e. Lead- 206.
The fissionable isotope of Uranium and therefore, important for nuclear reactors is
U-235.
Solder alloy melts at the lowest temperature.
Bio-energy is a renewable source of energy.
Graphite is crystalline allotropes of carbon. Which a good conductor of electricity
and can produced artificially.
Pressure law verifies relation between pressure and temperature content volume.
Gobar gas main constituent methane.
Nitrogen fixation means conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into useful
compounds.
A breeder nuclear reactor produces more fissionable material than it consumes.
X-ray was invented by W.E. Roentgen 1895 (Germany)
The Chemical name of packing soda is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO2).
Crude petroleum is converted into petrol through a process called fractional
distillation.
The Mixture of sand arid iodine can be separated by sublimation.
Water glass is a mixture of Sodium Silicate.
The gas responsible for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy was Methyl Isocyanates.
Phenol is used as an antiseptic.
Bleaching powder is made from lime and chlorine.
Graphite in nuclear reactors is used as moderator for neutrons.
The element common to all acids is hydrogen.
Calcium silicate is the main constituent of glass.
The conversion of a substance directly from solid to vapor state is known as
sublimation e.g. Camphor Iodine etc.
Sodium Benzoate is used for preservation purposes.
Oxygen is was discovered by Priestley
Heavy water, Graphite and Neutrons are used as Moderator in nuclear reactors.
A mixture of water and Sodium chloride can be separated distillation.
The particle that is used to trigger off the nuclear fission reaction is neutron.
Excessive chlorination leads to pollution of water by producing HCL.
Wax is rich in hydrocarbons.
The most common type of radioactive disintegration involves β-particles.
Acetylene and oxygen find application in gas welding.
Anthracite is the purest form of mineral coal.
CO2 is used in fire extinguishers.
RDX and Nitroglycerine are explosives.
Hydrogen is used in billing balloons
Soap is prepared by boiling caustic soda with fats.
The first known super conductor is Mercury.
In a nuclear reactor uncontrolled fission reaction takes place.
In the process of electroplating of an object with nickel the nickel is made anode
while the object is made cathode.
Radioactivity is due to unstable and heavy nucleus.
Low combustion temperature and high calorific value are the feature of a good fuel.
Atomic weight = Equivalent weight x valency.
When an element burns in air. It is converted into a compound.
The element present in the largest amount in rock and minerals is silicon.
An element common in nichrome and German Silver is Nickel.
Chloral when heated with cone H2S04 gives D.D.T.
The setting of Plaster of Paris is due to hydration.
Green vitriol is ferric sulphate (FeS047H2O). While blue vitriol is (CuS045H2O).
Corborundum is used as an abrasive for cutting and grinding glasses.
Maximum 'Gobar Gas' is produced during the rainy season.
The boiling point of a liquid increases with boiling point of a liquid increases with
increases of pressure.
Combustion of candle is an example of exothermic reaction.
Y-rays are used for sterilizing food stuffs controlling pests and cancer therapy.
To check the flow of blood ferric chloride is used.
Cryolite is a double - fluoride of Aluminium and Sodium.
The Chemical name of the Lunar Caustic is Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)
The total number of electrons in Ammonium Ion (NH4 +) is 10
A fusion reaction is initiated by high temperature.
Evaporation takes place at all temperatures from the surface and is accompanied
by cooling.
The gas used in refrigerators is Amonia.
Zinc phosphate and zinc phosphate are used as rat poisons.
Aluminium phosphate is used as pesticide.
Bronze is an alloy of Cu and Sn. While Brass is that of Cu and Zn.
Electro Static Precipitators (ESP) can help to reduce the menace of fly-ash.
L.P.G. consists mainly of propane and butane.
Geiger - Muller counter is a device for detecting radioactive materials.
Chemically the bulk of Biogas consists methane (CH4).
In a fission reaction, a heavy atomic nucleus splits up with the emission of neutrons.
The domestic cooking gas consists mostly of liquefied butane and Isobutene.
Natural gas predominately is methane.
Gelatin is used in the manufacture of ice-cream prevent crystal growth.
In Dead Sea, the boiling point of water will be maximum.
The metals, which can be drawn into wires is called ducts.
The mass of the proton is 1800 times that of an electron.
Soaps are produced by the Saponification of fats with alkali solution.
The lightest substance known is Hydrogen and the heaviest is Osmium.
Alcoholic beverages contain ethyl alcohol.
The corrosion of Iron can be prevented by galvanizing and coating it with grease.
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) finds application in the preparation of bread,
biscuits and vegetable Ghee.
Methyl alcohol causes blindness. When present in liquor.
Magnesium is commonly extracted from seawater commercially.
Nitrous Oxide (N20) is used as an anesthetic.
The most common element by weight in Earth's crust is oxygen.
When a solid metals, thermal energy is absorbed.
Chromatography is the Science to Separate.
Diamond is harder than graphite due to the difference in its crystalline structure.
Plutonium is not found in nature.
The substance whose aqueous solution will be better conductor of electricity than
water is the common salt.
Mercury 'is also known as Quick Silver.
Enriched Uranium means natural uranium which has been coated with -235.
At Kelvin zero the motion of the molecules ceases.
At its melting point ice is lighter than water because Ice crystals have follow
hexagonal arrangement of H20 molecule.
Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid.
A discharge of electricity through neon at low temperature produces an intense
orange-red glow.
When iron rusts its weights increases.
Nuclear fusion is also known as ThermoNuclear reaction because in demands
conditions of extremely high temperatures.
Brownian Movement is observed in vessel containing gas and dust particles.
H202 is stored in colored bottles in order to prevent self-oxidation and reduction.
In a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) the cathode rays emanate from cathode and travel
forwards.
All bicarbonates are soluble in water.
Sulphuric acid is used as a dehydrating agent.
Nichrome wire is used as a heating element in many appliances because it can be
drawn into wires easily and it resists oxidation in air when red hot.
Glycerin, in fact is an alcohol.
In a common fluorescent tube mercury and organ are used
The resinous substance, shellac is obtained from the distillation of wood.
The element showing maximum tendency towards catenation is carbon.
Among the fertilizers, urea has the maximum nitrogen content.
Wood heated in an enclosed container will produce char coal.
If the pH-values of an acid is lower it means it is stronger.
The Chemical commonly used for preserving biological specimens is
formaldehyde.
The process of loss of electrons in a chemical reaction is called oxidation.
A thermostat is a device used to maintain a constant temperature of a water bath or
an oven.
Sulphuric acid is often called the king of chemicals.
Filter beds used to remove suspended impurities from municipal water consists of
fine S and char coal and gravel.
The evaporation of a liquid is accompanied by decrease in entropy.
Isotopes are generally separated by distillation.
When some salt is sprinkled on slab of ice, it does not melt readily.
Catalyst in a chemical reaction generally helps to accelerate a reaction.
D.D.T and Gammexane are insecticides.
Cadmium rod is used in a reactor to absorb neutrons.
German Silver is an alloy of Zn, Cu and Ni
Alcohol mixed with water can be separated by the process of distillation.
In a dry cell zinc and carbon act as electrodes.
The process of apply in zinc is called galvanization.
The oil in water is an example of suspension.
Sun's energy is due to Nuclear Fusion in which Hydrogen is converted into Helium.
The force of attraction - between like molecules is called cohesion
Permanent hardness of water is due to the sulphates of Ca and Mg.
Air is neither an element nor a compound but a mixture.
A large amount of energy is released during nuclear fission because of a loss of
Mass.
Plaster of Paris (CaS04H2O) is basically gypsum ( CaS04 1/2 H20 ).
Aqua Regia is cone nitric acid and cone hydrochloric acid.
Among the constituents of air, the largest in proportion is Nitrogen.
Malathion is an insecticide.
Lead is added to Petrol as an octane booster.
The cosmic rays entering our atmosphere are almost entirely positively charged
particles.
Heating element in an electric heater is made of nichrome.
A variety of glass used for optical purpose contains lead silicate.
Vinyl plastics are used as adhesive.
Heavy water (D20) is used in a reactor to slow down neutrons.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are chemical compounds that find application in
refrigeration and air conditioning.
Rubber is a polymer of Isoprene while Nylon is a Polyamide.
Two metals combine to form an alloy.
The Freezing point of water decreases, when some soluble is dissolved in it.
Boiling point of water increases with increase in pressure.
The moderator in a nuclear reactor slows down the neutron to increase the
probability of fission.
Sodium is stored in Kerosene in order to avoid its evaporation.
A tomb bomb is an example of nuclear fission reaction. While Hydrogen bomb is
that of nuclear fusion reaction.
Wrought Iron is purest type of Iron that contains least amount of carbon.
In the Halogen family Iodine exists as solid and Bromine as liquid.
The explosion of an atom bomb is caused by the un controlled fission reaction of U-
23S.
Salt solution in water is a good conductor of electricity.
The best conductor of electricity is distilled water.
γ-rays are electromagnetic radiations.
Otto Hahn invented nuclear fission as well as atom bomb.
In a fast breeder reactor. U-238 gets converted into plutonium-239.
In a refrigerator cooling is produced by the evaporation of a volatile liquid.
The charge carried by a proton is equal but opposite to that of an electron.
Fire caused by petrol can be extinguished by foam. While due to electricity by
carbon, tetrachloride (CCI4)
Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) is manufactured industrially by fermentation of cane sugar.
Calcination is a process in which the ore is heated in absence of air.
Change of liquid to gaseous sate is called vaporization.
Diamond is the hardest natural occurring substance because of covalent bonds
between its atoms.
Lead provides a good protective shield against radioactivity.
Detergents are made of sulphates.
CO2 alone contributes to global warming.
Biology objective type
A chemical change in DNA molecule is called mutation.
Glycogen acts as a short-term food reserve in animals.
Estrogen is a female-sex hormone.
The enzyme amylase aids in the digestion of starch.
ATP synthesis takes place in Mitochondria.
70% of the body weight of a man is water.
Adipose tissue in human being is present below dermis.
The tough transparent membrane that protects the eye ball is called cornea.
Energy is produced in human body by Carbohydrates.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) provides energy for all kinds of activities of a cell.
Cell wall and vacuoles are present in a plant cell but are absent in an animal cell.
Sugar is the product of the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Melvin Kelvin was awarded Nobel Prize for his work on Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll contains magnesium in grange.
The largest flower in the world is Refflessia and the smallest one is Wolfessia.
Penicillin is obtained from Penicillium Notatum.
Reserpine derived from the plant 'serpentine' is used to alleviate high blood
pressure.
Plants, living in acidic soils, are called Oxalophytes.
Photosynthesis is most active in blue and red light in which light energy is converted
into chemical energy and 02 is not a limiting process during this process.
The smallest bone, lies Stapes is found in the human ear.
Enzymes are basically proteins.
Mitochondria is called the 'power house of the cell'
Pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
Persons of blood group '0' are called 'Universal Donor' while that of 'AB' are called
'Universal Acceptors'.
Seedless fruits are formed by parthenogenesis.
Simple plants that contain no chlorophyll are called fungi.
Spirogyra is commonly known as 'pond silk'
The longest muscle in the human body is found in thigh.
In some leaves, the outermost layer of cells secrets continuous waxy layer, called
cuticle.
In a leaf, the opening between two guard cells is Stomata.
Gibberellins are responsible for cell elongation.
The chemical name of chlorophyll is magnesium Dihydro prophesying.
Bile is produced in liver and stored in gel bladder.
All arteries, except pulmonary artery carry oxygenated blood.
The main function of W.B. C. is to produce antibodies.
Retina in the eye, acts as a film in the camera.
Human tears contain a mild antibacterial agent, named Lysozyme.
The biggest bone in the human body is femur.
Vitamin B12 is almost never found in plants.
Agrostology is the study of grasses.
Phycology is the study of a algae while the study of fossils is called paleontology
For the formation of chlorophyll iron and magnesium are needed.
Hydroponics is cultivating plants without using soil.
Palco botany is the study of fossils of botanical specimens.
Pepsin & Lactose enzymes ad on proteins in the digestive system.
The water soluble vitamins are vitamin B and C.
Insulin in the human body is produced by Pancreas.
Aorta is an artery which carries oxygenated blood.
The main region of small intestine for food absorption is ileum.
R.B.C. survives for 120 days.
Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in plants.
The vegetation of the desert consists of Xerophytes.
Carrot is a root. While potato is a steam.
Penicillin is produced from fungi.
A good source of vitamin A is carrot.
Plants take nitrogen in the form of nitrates.
Chlorella algae is rich in protein.
The cells of woody stem, which are most important for the growth in thickness are
called the cambium cells.
The outer layer of cells of a stem is called epidermis.
Abscise acid is directly responsible for the shedding of a leaf, flower or fruit from a
plant.
The largest sperms among plants are found in gymnosperms.
The 'red snow' phenomenon is caused by the growth of algae.
Seed dormancy can be broken by treating the seeds with Gibberellin acid.
A plant or plant cell having half the number of chromosomes than a normal body
cell is called haploid.
Vitamin-K helps in the process of blood-clotting.
Amphibian refers to animals, which can live on both land and water.
The yellow color of urine is due to the presence of Urochrome.
Pituitary gland is the growth gland in human body
Wisdom teeth appear in a human being when age is between 17-30 years.
Oxygen is present in maximum quantity in human body.
The exchange of 02 and CO2 takes place in our lungs at alveoli.
Vitamin-C is found in apples, apricot, and strawberry but not in date.
Impure blood in the body enters the heart through right auricle.
The total number of bones in an adult human body is 206.
The face of a man is made up of 14 bones.
Maximum absorption in human body takes place in spleen.
Blood in human body is formed by yellow bone marrow.
Spleen serves as a 'Blood Bank' in the body.
The erythrocytes in mammals are Enucleated, except in camel.
The voice-box in birds is Syrinx.
The average human eye can distinguish about 40 shades of colors.
Chronology implies the art of repairing damaged bones.
Tibia and Fibula are the bones present in leg.
The basic defect of blood in Rhesus negative (Rh-negative) in individuals is that
certain antibodies cannot be produced by their blood.
Iron in the body is found mostly in hemoglobin, liver and kidneys.
An earthworm has no eyes.
Mitosis is the process of the division of somatic cells of an organism.
Dry epithelium is found in hairs.
A person's color of eyes depends upon the particular pigment present in the iris.
Ovulation generally occurs mid-way through the menstrual cycle.
The crossing over of the chromosomes takes place in meiosis.
The largest blood vessel in the body is Aorta.
Urea is removed from the blood by Kidneys.
The Iris regulates the size of the Pupil in human eye.
Estrogen, Testosterone and Androsterone are the sex- hormones.
Appendix vermiform in man is a vestigial organ.
The body stores food in the form of fat in adipose tissue.
The Scientific study of teeth is called Odontology.
Ontology is the study of tumors.
Oology is the science, which studies birds, eggs, etc.
Asexual reproduction requires one individual of either sex.
Antigens are capable of stimulating the formation of antibodies. .
The yellow color of cow’s milk is due to the presence of riboflavin.
The nucleus is absent in Escherichia Coli.
Presence of Urea in the blood is called Uremia.
In adult human beings, the number of vertebrae is 26.
Body-building is anabolism, while its disintegration is Katabolism.
Protoplesm is the physical basis of life
The part of human brain that controls sneezing is Medulla Oblongata.
In human body iron is stored in liver.
The temperature of human body is controlled by hypothalamus.
Taxonomy is the science dealing with the identification, classification and
nomenclature of all living organisms.
Vitamin and Derived Foods
Vitamins A: Retinol & Carotene
Vitamin A: Carrot - night blindness.
Vitamin D: Caleiferal
Vitamin D: Sunlight on human skin-Rickets, Softness 'of bones under development
of teeth of in children.
Vitamin E: Tocopherol
Vitamin E: Growing seeds - in potency in humans
Vitamin K: Tamato
Vitamin K: -Grain - Blood clotting
Vitamin B1 -Thiamine
Vitamin B1: Cereals white flour - Berry berry
Vitamin B2: Riboflavin
Vitamin B2: Dairy - redness of eye blurred vision.
Vitamin B3: Niacen
Vitamin B3: Meat - Pellagra
Vitamin B5: Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B5: Beans - Focial dermatitis
Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine
Vitamin B6: Whole - convulsions in child.
Vitamin B12: Cobalamine
Vitamin B12: Liver, Kidney. Red blood cell production - Pernicious anemia
Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C: Citrus, tomato - Scurvy
Vitamin P: Nicotina Mide
Vitamin P: Lemon, orange - Growth of bones produces poison in food
Human Diseases Caused by Fungi - Fungal Diseases
1. Ringworm caused by Microsporum, Trichophyton by direct contact from Unbathed
cats and dogs or objects handled by infected individuals.
2.Athlete's foot caused by Trichophyton by Bad foot hygiene where skin remains
warm and moist for long period, fungi finds optimal condition, invade dead outer
layer of skin.
Human Diseases Caused by Viruses - Viral Diseases
1. Smallpox caused by Variola Virus by direct contact (droplets), indirected by
infected articles.
2. Chicken pox caused by Varicella virus by direct contact (droplets) indirected by
infected objects.
3. Common cold caused by Rhinovirus by contact.
4. Influenza/Flu caused by Orthomixo-virus by contact (droplets) virus transmitted
through discharge from respiratory tracts of persons infected with disease
5. Mumps caused by Mumps virus by direct contact, virus in Saliva and secretion of
nose invades salivary glands.
6. Viral encephalitis caused by Encephalitis virus (RBO virus) by some domestic
animals reservoir of virus, transmitted by mosquito bite to man.
7. Poliomyelitis caused by Poliovirus by contact, houseflies, fleas, food and water.
8. Rabies (Hydrophobia) caused by Rabies virus (Rhabdovirus) by Bite a mad
(rabid) dog.
9. Dengue fever or break bone fever caused by Dengue virus (A RBO virus) by
Mosquito (Aedes) bite.
10. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human T-cell
Lenkemia virus (HTLV-IlI) also called LAV (Retrovirus) by blood and sperm among
homosexuals, heterosexuals, intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs, promiscuous
individuals and prostitutes.
Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria - Bacterial Diseases
1. Septic sore throat caused by Streptococcus Sp by Bacteria infect throat and
nasal membranes by droplets and direct contact.
2. Diphtheria caused by Irregular rod (Corynebacterium diphtheria) by Bacteria
infect respiratory tract by carrier, through contact, droplets and food items.
3. Pneumonia caused by Diplococcus pneumonia by Bacteria transmitted to
respiratory tract, including the lungs by droplet infection.
4. Tuberculosis caused by Irregular rod (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) by Bacteria
transmitted to lungs, bones and other organs by direct contact droplet infection,
food and milk.
5. Plague or Bubonic caused by Short rod (Yersinia pasties) by Rat flea spreads
disease from rat to man.
6. Tetanus or Lock-Jaw caused by Clostridium Tetani by Bacteria in soil, enter
through wound.
7. Typhoid or Enteric fever caused by, Salmonella Tophi by Flies, food, faces water
and carriers.
8. Cholera caused by Vibrio Cholerae by Flies food, stools, water and carriers.
9. Bacillary dysentery caused by short rod (Shigella dysenteries)by Flies, food,
faces, water and carriers.
10. Whooping cough caused by small short rod (Hemophilus pertussis) by Droplets
protected during
11. coughing and sneezing.
12. Syphilis caused by Spiral-shaped organism (Treponema pallid am) by direct
contact, chiefly sexual intercourse.
13. Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium Leprae by long and close contact with
infected persons
14. Botulism caused by Clostridium Botulinum by organism produces poison in food.
Human Diseases Caused by Protozoans - Protozoans Diseases
1. Amoebic dysentery (Amoebiasis) caused by Entamoeba Histolytica by
Transmission from man to man through ingestion of cysts in drinking water
vegetables and food contaminated with faces.
2. Diarrhea 'Giardiasis' caused by Giardia Intestinalis by Transmission from man to
man through ingestion of cysts in drinking water vegetables and food contaminated
with faces.
3. Malaria caused by Plasmodium Vivax by Transmitted to man by bite of an
infected female anopheles mosquito.
4. Sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis) caused by Trypanosoma Brucei by
Transmitted by bite of tse-tse fly.
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